runtime/mirror/class.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "class.h"

#include <unordered_set>
#include <string_view>

#include "android-base/macros.h"
#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"

#include "array-inl.h"
#include "art_field-inl.h"
#include "art_method-inl.h"
#include "base/enums.h"
#include "base/logging.h"  // For VLOG.
#include "base/utils.h"
#include "class-inl.h"
#include "class_ext-inl.h"
#include "class_linker-inl.h"
#include "class_loader.h"
#include "class_root-inl.h"
#include "dex/descriptors_names.h"
#include "dex/dex_file-inl.h"
#include "dex/dex_file_annotations.h"
#include "dex/signature-inl.h"
#include "dex_cache-inl.h"
#include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
#include "gc/heap-inl.h"
#include "handle_scope-inl.h"
#include "hidden_api.h"
#include "jni_id_type.h"
#include "subtype_check.h"
#include "method.h"
#include "object-inl.h"
#include "object-refvisitor-inl.h"
#include "object_array-inl.h"
#include "object_lock.h"
#include "string-inl.h"
#include "runtime.h"
#include "thread.h"
#include "throwable.h"
#include "well_known_classes.h"

namespace art {

// TODO: move to own CC file?
constexpr size_t BitString::kBitSizeAtPosition[BitString::kCapacity];
constexpr size_t BitString::kCapacity;

namespace mirror {

using android::base::StringPrintf;

bool Class::IsMirrored() {
  if (LIKELY(!IsBootStrapClassLoaded())) {
    return false;
  }
  if (IsPrimitive() || IsArrayClass() || IsProxyClass()) {
    return true;
  }
  std::string name_storage;
  const std::string_view name(this->GetDescriptor(&name_storage));
  return IsMirroredDescriptor(name);
}

ObjPtr<mirror::Class> Class::GetPrimitiveClass(ObjPtr<mirror::String> name) {
  const char* expected_name = nullptr;
  ClassRoot class_root = ClassRoot::kJavaLangObject;  // Invalid.
  if (name != nullptr && name->GetLength() >= 2) {
    // Perfect hash for the expected values: from the second letters of the primitive types,
    // only 'y' has the bit 0x10 set, so use it to change 'b' to 'B'.
    char hash = name->CharAt(0) ^ ((name->CharAt(1) & 0x10) << 1);
    switch (hash) {
      case 'b': expected_name = "boolean"; class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveBoolean; break;
      case 'B': expected_name = "byte";    class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveByte;    break;
      case 'c': expected_name = "char";    class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveChar;    break;
      case 'd': expected_name = "double";  class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveDouble;  break;
      case 'f': expected_name = "float";   class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveFloat;   break;
      case 'i': expected_name = "int";     class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveInt;     break;
      case 'l': expected_name = "long";    class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveLong;    break;
      case 's': expected_name = "short";   class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveShort;   break;
      case 'v': expected_name = "void";    class_root = ClassRoot::kPrimitiveVoid;    break;
      default: break;
    }
  }
  if (expected_name != nullptr && name->Equals(expected_name)) {
    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass = GetClassRoot(class_root);
    DCHECK(klass != nullptr);
    return klass;
  } else {
    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
    if (name == nullptr) {
      // Note: ThrowNullPointerException() requires a message which we deliberately want to omit.
      self->ThrowNewException("Ljava/lang/NullPointerException;", /* msg= */ nullptr);
    } else {
      self->ThrowNewException("Ljava/lang/ClassNotFoundException;", name->ToModifiedUtf8().c_str());
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
}

ObjPtr<ClassExt> Class::EnsureExtDataPresent(Handle<Class> h_this, Thread* self) {
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> existing(h_this->GetExtData());
  if (!existing.IsNull()) {
    return existing;
  }
  StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
  // Clear exception so we can allocate.
  Handle<Throwable> throwable(hs.NewHandle(self->GetException()));
  self->ClearException();
  // Allocate the ClassExt
  Handle<ClassExt> new_ext(hs.NewHandle(ClassExt::Alloc(self)));
  if (new_ext == nullptr) {
    // OOM allocating the classExt.
    // TODO Should we restore the suppressed exception?
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    MemberOffset ext_offset(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(Class, ext_data_));
    bool set;
    // Set the ext_data_ field using CAS semantics.
    if (Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction()) {
      set = h_this->CasFieldObject<true>(ext_offset,
                                         nullptr,
                                         new_ext.Get(),
                                         CASMode::kStrong,
                                         std::memory_order_seq_cst);
    } else {
      set = h_this->CasFieldObject<false>(ext_offset,
                                          nullptr,
                                          new_ext.Get(),
                                          CASMode::kStrong,
                                          std::memory_order_seq_cst);
    }
    ObjPtr<ClassExt> ret(set ? new_ext.Get() : h_this->GetExtData());
    DCHECK(!set || h_this->GetExtData() == new_ext.Get());
    CHECK(!ret.IsNull());
    // Restore the exception if there was one.
    if (throwable != nullptr) {
      self->SetException(throwable.Get());
    }
    return ret;
  }
}

template <typename T>
static void CheckSetStatus(Thread* self, T thiz, ClassStatus new_status, ClassStatus old_status)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  if (UNLIKELY(new_status <= old_status && new_status != ClassStatus::kErrorUnresolved &&
               new_status != ClassStatus::kErrorResolved && new_status != ClassStatus::kRetired)) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected change back of class status for " << thiz->PrettyClass() << " "
               << old_status << " -> " << new_status;
  }
  if (old_status == ClassStatus::kInitialized) {
    // We do not hold the lock for making the class visibly initialized
    // as this is unnecessary and could lead to deadlocks.
    CHECK_EQ(new_status, ClassStatus::kVisiblyInitialized);
  } else if ((new_status >= ClassStatus::kResolved || old_status >= ClassStatus::kResolved) &&
             !Locks::mutator_lock_->IsExclusiveHeld(self)) {
    // When classes are being resolved the resolution code should hold the
    // lock or have everything else suspended
    CHECK_EQ(thiz->GetLockOwnerThreadId(), self->GetThreadId())
        << "Attempt to change status of class while not holding its lock: " << thiz->PrettyClass()
        << " " << old_status << " -> " << new_status;
  }
  if (UNLIKELY(Locks::mutator_lock_->IsExclusiveHeld(self))) {
    CHECK(!Class::IsErroneous(new_status))
        << "status " << new_status
        << " cannot be set while suspend-all is active. Would require allocations.";
    CHECK(thiz->IsResolved())
        << thiz->PrettyClass()
        << " not resolved during suspend-all status change. Waiters might be missed!";
  }
}

void Class::SetStatusInternal(ClassStatus new_status) {
  if (kBitstringSubtypeCheckEnabled) {
    // FIXME: This looks broken with respect to aborted transactions.
    SubtypeCheck<ObjPtr<mirror::Class>>::WriteStatus(this, new_status);
  } else {
    // The ClassStatus is always in the 4 most-significant bits of status_.
    static_assert(sizeof(status_) == sizeof(uint32_t), "Size of status_ not equal to uint32");
    uint32_t new_status_value = static_cast<uint32_t>(new_status) << (32 - kClassStatusBitSize);
    if (Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction()) {
      SetField32Volatile<true>(StatusOffset(), new_status_value);
    } else {
      SetField32Volatile<false>(StatusOffset(), new_status_value);
    }
  }
}

void Class::SetStatusLocked(ClassStatus new_status) {
  ClassStatus old_status = GetStatus();
  CheckSetStatus(Thread::Current(), this, new_status, old_status);
  SetStatusInternal(new_status);
}

void Class::SetStatus(Handle<Class> h_this, ClassStatus new_status, Thread* self) {
  ClassStatus old_status = h_this->GetStatus();
  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
  bool class_linker_initialized = class_linker != nullptr && class_linker->IsInitialized();
  if (LIKELY(class_linker_initialized)) {
    CheckSetStatus(self, h_this, new_status, old_status);
  }
  if (UNLIKELY(IsErroneous(new_status))) {
    CHECK(!h_this->IsErroneous())
        << "Attempt to set as erroneous an already erroneous class "
        << h_this->PrettyClass()
        << " old_status: " << old_status << " new_status: " << new_status;
    CHECK_EQ(new_status == ClassStatus::kErrorResolved, old_status >= ClassStatus::kResolved);
    if (VLOG_IS_ON(class_linker)) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Setting " << h_this->PrettyDescriptor() << " to erroneous.";
      if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Exception: " << self->GetException()->Dump();
      }
    }

    ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(EnsureExtDataPresent(h_this, self));
    if (!ext.IsNull()) {
      self->AssertPendingException();
      ext->SetErroneousStateError(self->GetException());
    } else {
      self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    }
    self->AssertPendingException();
  }

  h_this->SetStatusInternal(new_status);

  // Setting the object size alloc fast path needs to be after the status write so that if the
  // alloc path sees a valid object size, we would know that it's initialized as long as it has a
  // load-acquire/fake dependency.
  if (new_status == ClassStatus::kVisiblyInitialized && !h_this->IsVariableSize()) {
    DCHECK_EQ(h_this->GetObjectSizeAllocFastPath(), std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
    // Finalizable objects must always go slow path.
    if (!h_this->IsFinalizable()) {
      h_this->SetObjectSizeAllocFastPath(RoundUp(h_this->GetObjectSize(), kObjectAlignment));
    }
  }

  if (kIsDebugBuild && new_status >= ClassStatus::kInitialized) {
    CHECK(h_this->WasVerificationAttempted()) << h_this->PrettyClassAndClassLoader();
  }

  if (!class_linker_initialized) {
    // When the class linker is being initialized its single threaded and by definition there can be
    // no waiters. During initialization classes may appear temporary but won't be retired as their
    // size was statically computed.
  } else {
    // Classes that are being resolved or initialized need to notify waiters that the class status
    // changed. See ClassLinker::EnsureResolved and ClassLinker::WaitForInitializeClass.
    if (h_this->IsTemp()) {
      // Class is a temporary one, ensure that waiters for resolution get notified of retirement
      // so that they can grab the new version of the class from the class linker's table.
      CHECK_LT(new_status, ClassStatus::kResolved) << h_this->PrettyDescriptor();
      if (new_status == ClassStatus::kRetired || new_status == ClassStatus::kErrorUnresolved) {
        h_this->NotifyAll(self);
      }
    } else if (old_status == ClassStatus::kInitialized) {
      // Do not notify for transition from kInitialized to ClassStatus::kVisiblyInitialized.
      // This is a hidden transition, not observable by bytecode.
      DCHECK_EQ(new_status, ClassStatus::kVisiblyInitialized);  // Already CHECK()ed above.
    } else {
      CHECK_NE(new_status, ClassStatus::kRetired);
      if (old_status >= ClassStatus::kResolved || new_status >= ClassStatus::kResolved) {
        h_this->NotifyAll(self);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Class::SetStatusForPrimitiveOrArray(ClassStatus new_status) {
  DCHECK(IsPrimitive<kVerifyNone>() || IsArrayClass<kVerifyNone>());
  DCHECK(!IsErroneous(new_status));
  DCHECK(!IsErroneous(GetStatus<kVerifyNone>()));
  DCHECK_GT(new_status, GetStatus<kVerifyNone>());

  if (kBitstringSubtypeCheckEnabled) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Unimplemented";
  }
  // The ClassStatus is always in the 4 most-significant bits of status_.
  static_assert(sizeof(status_) == sizeof(uint32_t), "Size of status_ not equal to uint32");
  uint32_t new_status_value = static_cast<uint32_t>(new_status) << (32 - kClassStatusBitSize);
  // Use normal store. For primitives and core arrays classes (Object[],
  // Class[], String[] and primitive arrays), the status is set while the
  // process is still single threaded. For other arrays classes, it is set
  // in a pre-fence visitor which initializes all fields and the subsequent
  // fence together with address dependency shall ensure memory visibility.
  SetField32</*kTransactionActive=*/ false,
             /*kCheckTransaction=*/ false,
             kVerifyNone>(StatusOffset(), new_status_value);

  // Do not update `object_alloc_fast_path_`. Arrays are variable size and
  // instances of primitive classes cannot be created at all.

  if (kIsDebugBuild && new_status >= ClassStatus::kInitialized) {
    CHECK(WasVerificationAttempted()) << PrettyClassAndClassLoader();
  }

  // There can be no waiters to notify as these classes are initialized
  // before another thread can see them.
}

void Class::SetDexCache(ObjPtr<DexCache> new_dex_cache) {
  SetFieldObjectTransaction(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(Class, dex_cache_), new_dex_cache);
}

void Class::SetClassSize(uint32_t new_class_size) {
  if (kIsDebugBuild && new_class_size < GetClassSize()) {
    DumpClass(LOG_STREAM(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT), kDumpClassFullDetail);
    LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << new_class_size << " vs " << GetClassSize();
    LOG(FATAL) << "class=" << PrettyTypeOf();
  }
  SetField32</*kTransactionActive=*/ false, /*kCheckTransaction=*/ false>(
      OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(Class, class_size_), new_class_size);
}

ObjPtr<Class> Class::GetObsoleteClass() {
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(GetExtData());
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    return ext->GetObsoleteClass();
  }
}

// Return the class' name. The exact format is bizarre, but it's the specified behavior for
// Class.getName: keywords for primitive types, regular "[I" form for primitive arrays (so "int"
// but "[I"), and arrays of reference types written between "L" and ";" but with dots rather than
// slashes (so "java.lang.String" but "[Ljava.lang.String;"). Madness.
ObjPtr<String> Class::ComputeName(Handle<Class> h_this) {
  ObjPtr<String> name = h_this->GetName();
  if (name != nullptr) {
    return name;
  }
  std::string temp;
  const char* descriptor = h_this->GetDescriptor(&temp);
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  if ((descriptor[0] != 'L') && (descriptor[0] != '[')) {
    // The descriptor indicates that this is the class for
    // a primitive type; special-case the return value.
    const char* c_name = nullptr;
    switch (descriptor[0]) {
    case 'Z': c_name = "boolean"; break;
    case 'B': c_name = "byte";    break;
    case 'C': c_name = "char";    break;
    case 'S': c_name = "short";   break;
    case 'I': c_name = "int";     break;
    case 'J': c_name = "long";    break;
    case 'F': c_name = "float";   break;
    case 'D': c_name = "double";  break;
    case 'V': c_name = "void";    break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown primitive type: " << PrintableChar(descriptor[0]);
    }
    name = String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(self, c_name);
  } else {
    // Convert the UTF-8 name to a java.lang.String. The name must use '.' to separate package
    // components.
    name = String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(self, DescriptorToDot(descriptor).c_str());
  }
  h_this->SetName(name);
  return name;
}

void Class::DumpClass(std::ostream& os, int flags) {
  ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension ants(__FUNCTION__);
  if ((flags & kDumpClassFullDetail) == 0) {
    os << PrettyClass();
    if ((flags & kDumpClassClassLoader) != 0) {
      os << ' ' << GetClassLoader();
    }
    if ((flags & kDumpClassInitialized) != 0) {
      os << ' ' << GetStatus();
    }
    os << "\n";
    return;
  }

  ObjPtr<Class> super = GetSuperClass();
  auto image_pointer_size = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize();

  std::string temp;
  os << "----- " << (IsInterface() ? "interface" : "class") << " "
     << "'" << GetDescriptor(&temp) << "' cl=" << GetClassLoader() << " -----\n"
     << "  objectSize=" << SizeOf() << " "
     << "(" << (super != nullptr ? super->SizeOf() : -1) << " from super)\n"
     << StringPrintf("  access=0x%04x.%04x\n",
                     GetAccessFlags() >> 16,
                     GetAccessFlags() & kAccJavaFlagsMask);
  if (super != nullptr) {
    os << "  super='" << super->PrettyClass() << "' (cl=" << super->GetClassLoader() << ")\n";
  }
  if (IsArrayClass()) {
    os << "  componentType=" << PrettyClass(GetComponentType()) << "\n";
  }
  const size_t num_direct_interfaces = NumDirectInterfaces();
  if (num_direct_interfaces > 0) {
    os << "  interfaces (" << num_direct_interfaces << "):\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_direct_interfaces; ++i) {
      ObjPtr<Class> interface = GetDirectInterface(i);
      if (interface == nullptr) {
        os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: nullptr!\n", i);
      } else {
        ObjPtr<ClassLoader> cl = interface->GetClassLoader();
        os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: %s (cl=%p)\n", i, PrettyClass(interface).c_str(), cl.Ptr());
      }
    }
  }
  if (!IsLoaded()) {
    os << "  class not yet loaded";
  } else {
    os << "  vtable (" << NumVirtualMethods() << " entries, "
        << (super != nullptr ? super->NumVirtualMethods() : 0) << " in super):\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < NumVirtualMethods(); ++i) {
      os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: %s\n", i, ArtMethod::PrettyMethod(
          GetVirtualMethodDuringLinking(i, image_pointer_size)).c_str());
    }
    os << "  direct methods (" << NumDirectMethods() << " entries):\n";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < NumDirectMethods(); ++i) {
      os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: %s\n", i, ArtMethod::PrettyMethod(
          GetDirectMethod(i, image_pointer_size)).c_str());
    }
    if (NumStaticFields() > 0) {
      os << "  static fields (" << NumStaticFields() << " entries):\n";
      if (IsResolved()) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < NumStaticFields(); ++i) {
          os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: %s\n", i, ArtField::PrettyField(GetStaticField(i)).c_str());
        }
      } else {
        os << "    <not yet available>";
      }
    }
    if (NumInstanceFields() > 0) {
      os << "  instance fields (" << NumInstanceFields() << " entries):\n";
      if (IsResolved()) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < NumInstanceFields(); ++i) {
          os << StringPrintf("    %2zd: %s\n", i,
                             ArtField::PrettyField(GetInstanceField(i)).c_str());
        }
      } else {
        os << "    <not yet available>";
      }
    }
  }
}

void Class::SetReferenceInstanceOffsets(uint32_t new_reference_offsets) {
  if (kIsDebugBuild && new_reference_offsets != kClassWalkSuper) {
    // Check that the number of bits set in the reference offset bitmap
    // agrees with the number of references.
    uint32_t count = 0;
    for (ObjPtr<Class> c = this; c != nullptr; c = c->GetSuperClass()) {
      count += c->NumReferenceInstanceFieldsDuringLinking();
    }
    // +1 for the Class in Object.
    CHECK_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(POPCOUNT(new_reference_offsets)) + 1, count);
  }
  // Not called within a transaction.
  SetField32<false>(OFFSET_OF_OBJECT_MEMBER(Class, reference_instance_offsets_),
                    new_reference_offsets);
}

bool Class::IsInSamePackage(std::string_view descriptor1, std::string_view descriptor2) {
  size_t i = 0;
  size_t min_length = std::min(descriptor1.size(), descriptor2.size());
  while (i < min_length && descriptor1[i] == descriptor2[i]) {
    ++i;
  }
  if (descriptor1.find('/', i) != std::string_view::npos ||
      descriptor2.find('/', i) != std::string_view::npos) {
    return false;
  } else {
    return true;
  }
}

bool Class::IsInSamePackage(ObjPtr<Class> that) {
  ObjPtr<Class> klass1 = this;
  ObjPtr<Class> klass2 = that;
  if (klass1 == klass2) {
    return true;
  }
  // Class loaders must match.
  if (klass1->GetClassLoader() != klass2->GetClassLoader()) {
    return false;
  }
  // Arrays are in the same package when their element classes are.
  while (klass1->IsArrayClass()) {
    klass1 = klass1->GetComponentType();
  }
  while (klass2->IsArrayClass()) {
    klass2 = klass2->GetComponentType();
  }
  // trivial check again for array types
  if (klass1 == klass2) {
    return true;
  }
  // Compare the package part of the descriptor string.
  std::string temp1, temp2;
  return IsInSamePackage(klass1->GetDescriptor(&temp1), klass2->GetDescriptor(&temp2));
}

bool Class::IsThrowableClass() {
  return GetClassRoot<mirror::Throwable>()->IsAssignableFrom(this);
}

template <typename SignatureType>
static inline ArtMethod* FindInterfaceMethodWithSignature(ObjPtr<Class> klass,
                                                          std::string_view name,
                                                          const SignatureType& signature,
                                                          PointerSize pointer_size)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  // If the current class is not an interface, skip the search of its declared methods;
  // such lookup is used only to distinguish between IncompatibleClassChangeError and
  // NoSuchMethodError and the caller has already tried to search methods in the class.
  if (LIKELY(klass->IsInterface())) {
    // Search declared methods, both direct and virtual.
    // (This lookup is used also for invoke-static on interface classes.)
    for (ArtMethod& method : klass->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        return &method;
      }
    }
  }

  // TODO: If there is a unique maximally-specific non-abstract superinterface method,
  // we should return it, otherwise an arbitrary one can be returned.
  ObjPtr<IfTable> iftable = klass->GetIfTable();
  for (int32_t i = 0, iftable_count = iftable->Count(); i < iftable_count; ++i) {
    ObjPtr<Class> iface = iftable->GetInterface(i);
    for (ArtMethod& method : iface->GetVirtualMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        return &method;
      }
    }
  }

  // Then search for public non-static methods in the java.lang.Object.
  if (LIKELY(klass->IsInterface())) {
    ObjPtr<Class> object_class = klass->GetSuperClass();
    DCHECK(object_class->IsObjectClass());
    for (ArtMethod& method : object_class->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.IsPublic() && !method.IsStatic() &&
          method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        return &method;
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindInterfaceMethod(std::string_view name,
                                      std::string_view signature,
                                      PointerSize pointer_size) {
  return FindInterfaceMethodWithSignature(this, name, signature, pointer_size);
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindInterfaceMethod(std::string_view name,
                                      const Signature& signature,
                                      PointerSize pointer_size) {
  return FindInterfaceMethodWithSignature(this, name, signature, pointer_size);
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindInterfaceMethod(ObjPtr<DexCache> dex_cache,
                                      uint32_t dex_method_idx,
                                      PointerSize pointer_size) {
  // We always search by name and signature, ignoring the type index in the MethodId.
  const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
  const dex::MethodId& method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(dex_method_idx);
  std::string_view name = dex_file.StringViewByIdx(method_id.name_idx_);
  const Signature signature = dex_file.GetMethodSignature(method_id);
  return FindInterfaceMethod(name, signature, pointer_size);
}

static inline bool IsValidInheritanceCheck(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                           ObjPtr<mirror::Class> declaring_class)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  if (klass->IsArrayClass()) {
    return declaring_class->IsObjectClass();
  } else if (klass->IsInterface()) {
    return declaring_class->IsObjectClass() || declaring_class == klass;
  } else {
    return klass->IsSubClass(declaring_class);
  }
}

static inline bool IsInheritedMethod(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                     ObjPtr<mirror::Class> declaring_class,
                                     ArtMethod& method)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  DCHECK_EQ(declaring_class, method.GetDeclaringClass());
  DCHECK_NE(klass, declaring_class);
  DCHECK(IsValidInheritanceCheck(klass, declaring_class));
  uint32_t access_flags = method.GetAccessFlags();
  if ((access_flags & (kAccPublic | kAccProtected)) != 0) {
    return true;
  }
  if ((access_flags & kAccPrivate) != 0) {
    return false;
  }
  for (; klass != declaring_class; klass = klass->GetSuperClass()) {
    if (!klass->IsInSamePackage(declaring_class)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

template <typename SignatureType>
static inline ArtMethod* FindClassMethodWithSignature(ObjPtr<Class> this_klass,
                                                      std::string_view name,
                                                      const SignatureType& signature,
                                                      PointerSize pointer_size)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  // Search declared methods first.
  for (ArtMethod& method : this_klass->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
    ArtMethod* np_method = method.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(pointer_size);
    if (np_method->GetNameView() == name && np_method->GetSignature() == signature) {
      return &method;
    }
  }

  // Then search the superclass chain. If we find an inherited method, return it.
  // If we find a method that's not inherited because of access restrictions,
  // try to find a method inherited from an interface in copied methods.
  ObjPtr<Class> klass = this_klass->GetSuperClass();
  ArtMethod* uninherited_method = nullptr;
  for (; klass != nullptr; klass = klass->GetSuperClass()) {
    DCHECK(!klass->IsProxyClass());
    for (ArtMethod& method : klass->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        if (IsInheritedMethod(this_klass, klass, method)) {
          return &method;
        }
        uninherited_method = &method;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (uninherited_method != nullptr) {
      break;
    }
  }

  // Then search copied methods.
  // If we found a method that's not inherited, stop the search in its declaring class.
  ObjPtr<Class> end_klass = klass;
  DCHECK_EQ(uninherited_method != nullptr, end_klass != nullptr);
  klass = this_klass;
  if (UNLIKELY(klass->IsProxyClass())) {
    DCHECK(klass->GetCopiedMethodsSlice(pointer_size).empty());
    klass = klass->GetSuperClass();
  }
  for (; klass != end_klass; klass = klass->GetSuperClass()) {
    DCHECK(!klass->IsProxyClass());
    for (ArtMethod& method : klass->GetCopiedMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        return &method;  // No further check needed, copied methods are inherited by definition.
      }
    }
  }
  return uninherited_method;  // Return the `uninherited_method` if any.
}


ArtMethod* Class::FindClassMethod(std::string_view name,
                                  std::string_view signature,
                                  PointerSize pointer_size) {
  return FindClassMethodWithSignature(this, name, signature, pointer_size);
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindClassMethod(std::string_view name,
                                  const Signature& signature,
                                  PointerSize pointer_size) {
  return FindClassMethodWithSignature(this, name, signature, pointer_size);
}

// Binary search a range with a three-way compare function.
//
// Return a tuple consisting of a `success` value, the index of the match (`mid`) and
// the remaining range when we found the match (`begin` and `end`). This is useful for
// subsequent binary search with a secondary comparator, see `ClassMemberBinarySearch()`.
template <typename Compare>
ALWAYS_INLINE
std::tuple<bool, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t> BinarySearch(uint32_t begin,
                                                            uint32_t end,
                                                            Compare&& cmp)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  while (begin != end) {
    uint32_t mid = (begin + end) >> 1;
    auto cmp_result = cmp(mid);
    if (cmp_result == 0) {
      return {true, mid, begin, end};
    }
    if (cmp_result > 0) {
      begin = mid + 1u;
    } else {
      end = mid;
    }
  }
  return {false, 0u, 0u, 0u};
}

// Binary search for class members. The range passed to this search must be sorted, so
// declared methods or fields cannot be searched directly but declared direct methods,
// declared virtual methods, declared static fields or declared instance fields can.
template <typename NameCompare, typename SecondCompare, typename NameIndexGetter>
ALWAYS_INLINE
std::tuple<bool, uint32_t> ClassMemberBinarySearch(uint32_t begin,
                                                   uint32_t end,
                                                   NameCompare&& name_cmp,
                                                   SecondCompare&& second_cmp,
                                                   NameIndexGetter&& get_name_idx)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  // First search for the item with the given name.
  bool success;
  uint32_t mid;
  std::tie(success, mid, begin, end) = BinarySearch(begin, end, name_cmp);
  if (!success) {
    return {false, 0u};
  }
  // If found, do the secondary comparison.
  auto second_cmp_result = second_cmp(mid);
  if (second_cmp_result == 0) {
    return {true, mid};
  }
  // We have matched the name but not the secondary comparison. We no longer need to
  // search for the name as string as we know the matching name string index.
  // Repeat the above binary searches and secondary comparisons with a simpler name
  // index compare until the search range contains only matching name.
  auto name_idx = get_name_idx(mid);
  if (second_cmp_result > 0) {
    do {
      begin = mid + 1u;
      auto name_index_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid2) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
        DCHECK_LE(name_idx, get_name_idx(mid2));
        return (name_idx != get_name_idx(mid2)) ? -1 : 0;
      };
      std::tie(success, mid, begin, end) = BinarySearch(begin, end, name_index_cmp);
      if (!success) {
        return {false, 0u};
      }
      second_cmp_result = second_cmp(mid);
    } while (second_cmp_result > 0);
    end = mid;
  } else {
    do {
      end = mid;
      auto name_index_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid2) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
        DCHECK_GE(name_idx, get_name_idx(mid2));
        return (name_idx != get_name_idx(mid2)) ? 1 : 0;
      };
      std::tie(success, mid, begin, end) = BinarySearch(begin, end, name_index_cmp);
      if (!success) {
        return {false, 0u};
      }
      second_cmp_result = second_cmp(mid);
    } while (second_cmp_result < 0);
    begin = mid + 1u;
  }
  if (second_cmp_result == 0) {
    return {true, mid};
  }
  // All items in the remaining range have a matching name, so search with secondary comparison.
  std::tie(success, mid, std::ignore, std::ignore) = BinarySearch(begin, end, second_cmp);
  return {success, mid};
}

static std::tuple<bool, ArtMethod*> FindDeclaredClassMethod(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                                            const DexFile& dex_file,
                                                            std::string_view name,
                                                            Signature signature,
                                                            PointerSize pointer_size)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  DCHECK(&klass->GetDexFile() == &dex_file);
  DCHECK(!name.empty());

  ArraySlice<ArtMethod> declared_methods = klass->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size);
  DCHECK(!declared_methods.empty());
  auto get_method_id = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE
      -> const dex::MethodId& {
    ArtMethod& method = declared_methods[mid];
    DCHECK(method.GetDexFile() == &dex_file);
    DCHECK_NE(method.GetDexMethodIndex(), dex::kDexNoIndex);
    return dex_file.GetMethodId(method.GetDexMethodIndex());
  };
  auto name_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    // Do not use ArtMethod::GetNameView() to avoid reloading dex file through the same
    // declaring class from different methods and also avoid the runtime method check.
    const dex::MethodId& method_id = get_method_id(mid);
    return name.compare(dex_file.GetMethodNameView(method_id));
  };
  auto signature_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    // Do not use ArtMethod::GetSignature() to avoid reloading dex file through the same
    // declaring class from different methods and also avoid the runtime method check.
    const dex::MethodId& method_id = get_method_id(mid);
    return signature.Compare(dex_file.GetMethodSignature(method_id));
  };
  auto get_name_idx = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    const dex::MethodId& method_id = get_method_id(mid);
    return method_id.name_idx_;
  };

  // Use binary search in the sorted direct methods, then in the sorted virtual methods.
  uint32_t num_direct_methods = klass->NumDirectMethods();
  uint32_t num_declared_methods = dchecked_integral_cast<uint32_t>(declared_methods.size());
  DCHECK_LE(num_direct_methods, num_declared_methods);
  const uint32_t ranges[2][2] = {
     {0u, num_direct_methods},                   // Declared direct methods.
     {num_direct_methods, num_declared_methods}  // Declared virtual methods.
  };
  for (const uint32_t (&range)[2] : ranges) {
    auto [success, mid] =
        ClassMemberBinarySearch(range[0], range[1], name_cmp, signature_cmp, get_name_idx);
    if (success) {
      return {true, &declared_methods[mid]};
    }
  }

  // Did not find a declared method in either slice.
  return {false, nullptr};
}

FLATTEN
ArtMethod* Class::FindClassMethod(ObjPtr<DexCache> dex_cache,
                                  uint32_t dex_method_idx,
                                  PointerSize pointer_size) {
  // FIXME: Hijacking a proxy class by a custom class loader can break this assumption.
  DCHECK(!IsProxyClass());

  // First try to find a declared method by dex_method_idx if we have a dex_cache match.
  ObjPtr<DexCache> this_dex_cache = GetDexCache();
  if (this_dex_cache == dex_cache) {
    // Lookup is always performed in the class referenced by the MethodId.
    DCHECK_EQ(dex_type_idx_, GetDexFile().GetMethodId(dex_method_idx).class_idx_.index_);
    for (ArtMethod& method : GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size)) {
      if (method.GetDexMethodIndex() == dex_method_idx) {
        return &method;
      }
    }
  }

  // If not found, we need to search by name and signature.
  const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
  const dex::MethodId& method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(dex_method_idx);
  const Signature signature = dex_file.GetMethodSignature(method_id);
  std::string_view name;  // Do not touch the dex file string data until actually needed.

  // If we do not have a dex_cache match, try to find the declared method in this class now.
  if (this_dex_cache != dex_cache && !GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size).empty()) {
    DCHECK(name.empty());
    name = dex_file.GetMethodNameView(method_id);
    auto [success, method] = FindDeclaredClassMethod(
        this, *this_dex_cache->GetDexFile(), name, signature, pointer_size);
    DCHECK_EQ(success, method != nullptr);
    if (success) {
      return method;
    }
  }

  // Then search the superclass chain. If we find an inherited method, return it.
  // If we find a method that's not inherited because of access restrictions,
  // try to find a method inherited from an interface in copied methods.
  ArtMethod* uninherited_method = nullptr;
  ObjPtr<Class> klass = GetSuperClass();
  for (; klass != nullptr; klass = klass->GetSuperClass()) {
    ArtMethod* candidate_method = nullptr;
    ArraySlice<ArtMethod> declared_methods = klass->GetDeclaredMethodsSlice(pointer_size);
    ObjPtr<DexCache> klass_dex_cache = klass->GetDexCache();
    if (klass_dex_cache == dex_cache) {
      // Matching dex_cache. We cannot compare the `dex_method_idx` anymore because
      // the type index differs, so compare the name index and proto index.
      for (ArtMethod& method : declared_methods) {
        const dex::MethodId& cmp_method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(method.GetDexMethodIndex());
        if (cmp_method_id.name_idx_ == method_id.name_idx_ &&
            cmp_method_id.proto_idx_ == method_id.proto_idx_) {
          candidate_method = &method;
          break;
        }
      }
    } else if (!declared_methods.empty()) {
      if (name.empty()) {
        name = dex_file.GetMethodNameView(method_id);
      }
      auto [success, method] = FindDeclaredClassMethod(
          klass, *klass_dex_cache->GetDexFile(), name, signature, pointer_size);
      DCHECK_EQ(success, method != nullptr);
      if (success) {
        candidate_method = method;
      }
    }
    if (candidate_method != nullptr) {
      if (IsInheritedMethod(this, klass, *candidate_method)) {
        return candidate_method;
      } else {
        uninherited_method = candidate_method;
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Then search copied methods.
  // If we found a method that's not inherited, stop the search in its declaring class.
  ObjPtr<Class> end_klass = klass;
  DCHECK_EQ(uninherited_method != nullptr, end_klass != nullptr);
  // After we have searched the declared methods of the super-class chain,
  // search copied methods which can contain methods from interfaces.
  for (klass = this; klass != end_klass; klass = klass->GetSuperClass()) {
    ArraySlice<ArtMethod> copied_methods = klass->GetCopiedMethodsSlice(pointer_size);
    if (!copied_methods.empty() && name.empty()) {
      name = dex_file.StringDataByIdx(method_id.name_idx_);
    }
    for (ArtMethod& method : copied_methods) {
      if (method.GetNameView() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
        return &method;  // No further check needed, copied methods are inherited by definition.
      }
    }
  }
  return uninherited_method;  // Return the `uninherited_method` if any.
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindConstructor(std::string_view signature, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  // Internal helper, never called on proxy classes. We can skip GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy().
  DCHECK(!IsProxyClass());
  std::string_view name("<init>");
  for (ArtMethod& method : GetDirectMethodsSliceUnchecked(pointer_size)) {
    if (method.GetName() == name && method.GetSignature() == signature) {
      return &method;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindDeclaredDirectMethodByName(std::string_view name, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  for (auto& method : GetDirectMethods(pointer_size)) {
    ArtMethod* const np_method = method.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(pointer_size);
    if (name == np_method->GetName()) {
      return &method;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindDeclaredVirtualMethodByName(std::string_view name, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  for (auto& method : GetVirtualMethods(pointer_size)) {
    ArtMethod* const np_method = method.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(pointer_size);
    if (name == np_method->GetName()) {
      return &method;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindVirtualMethodForInterfaceSuper(ArtMethod* method, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsInterface());
  DCHECK(IsInterface()) << "Should only be called on a interface class";
  // Check if we have one defined on this interface first. This includes searching copied ones to
  // get any conflict methods. Conflict methods are copied into each subtype from the supertype. We
  // don't do any indirect method checks here.
  for (ArtMethod& iface_method : GetVirtualMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (method->HasSameNameAndSignature(&iface_method)) {
      return &iface_method;
    }
  }

  std::vector<ArtMethod*> abstract_methods;
  // Search through the IFTable for a working version. We don't need to check for conflicts
  // because if there was one it would appear in this classes virtual_methods_ above.

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
  MutableHandle<IfTable> iftable(hs.NewHandle(GetIfTable()));
  MutableHandle<Class> iface(hs.NewHandle<Class>(nullptr));
  size_t iftable_count = GetIfTableCount();
  // Find the method. We don't need to check for conflicts because they would have been in the
  // copied virtuals of this interface.  Order matters, traverse in reverse topological order; most
  // subtypiest interfaces get visited first.
  for (size_t k = iftable_count; k != 0;) {
    k--;
    DCHECK_LT(k, iftable->Count());
    iface.Assign(iftable->GetInterface(k));
    // Iterate through every declared method on this interface. Each direct method's name/signature
    // is unique so the order of the inner loop doesn't matter.
    for (auto& method_iter : iface->GetDeclaredVirtualMethods(pointer_size)) {
      ArtMethod* current_method = &method_iter;
      if (current_method->HasSameNameAndSignature(method)) {
        if (current_method->IsDefault()) {
          // Handle JLS soft errors, a default method from another superinterface tree can
          // "override" an abstract method(s) from another superinterface tree(s).  To do this,
          // ignore any [default] method which are dominated by the abstract methods we've seen so
          // far. Check if overridden by any in abstract_methods. We do not need to check for
          // default_conflicts because we would hit those before we get to this loop.
          bool overridden = false;
          for (ArtMethod* possible_override : abstract_methods) {
            DCHECK(possible_override->HasSameNameAndSignature(current_method));
            if (iface->IsAssignableFrom(possible_override->GetDeclaringClass())) {
              overridden = true;
              break;
            }
          }
          if (!overridden) {
            return current_method;
          }
        } else {
          // Is not default.
          // This might override another default method. Just stash it for now.
          abstract_methods.push_back(current_method);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  // If we reach here we either never found any declaration of the method (in which case
  // 'abstract_methods' is empty or we found no non-overriden default methods in which case
  // 'abstract_methods' contains a number of abstract implementations of the methods. We choose one
  // of these arbitrarily.
  return abstract_methods.empty() ? nullptr : abstract_methods[0];
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindClassInitializer(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  for (ArtMethod& method : GetDirectMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (method.IsClassInitializer()) {
      DCHECK_STREQ(method.GetName(), "<clinit>");
      DCHECK_STREQ(method.GetSignature().ToString().c_str(), "()V");
      return &method;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

static std::tuple<bool, ArtField*> FindFieldByNameAndType(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                                          LengthPrefixedArray<ArtField>* fields,
                                                          std::string_view name,
                                                          std::string_view type)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  DCHECK(fields != nullptr);
  DCHECK(!name.empty());
  DCHECK(!type.empty());

  // Fields are sorted by class, then name, then type descriptor. This is verified in dex file
  // verifier. There can be multiple fields with the same name in the same class due to proguard.
  // Note: std::string_view::compare() uses lexicographical comparison and treats the `char` as
  // unsigned; for Modified-UTF-8 without embedded nulls this is consistent with the
  // CompareModifiedUtf8ToModifiedUtf8AsUtf16CodePointValues() ordering.
  auto get_field_id = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE
      -> const dex::FieldId& {
    ArtField& field = fields->At(mid);
    DCHECK(field.GetDexFile() == &dex_file);
    return dex_file.GetFieldId(field.GetDexFieldIndex());
  };
  auto name_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    const dex::FieldId& field_id = get_field_id(mid);
    return name.compare(dex_file.GetFieldNameView(field_id));
  };
  auto type_cmp = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    const dex::FieldId& field_id = get_field_id(mid);
    return type.compare(dex_file.GetTypeDescriptorView(dex_file.GetTypeId(field_id.type_idx_)));
  };
  auto get_name_idx = [&](uint32_t mid) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
    const dex::FieldId& field_id = get_field_id(mid);
    return field_id.name_idx_;
  };

  // Use binary search in the sorted fields.
  auto [success, mid] =
      ClassMemberBinarySearch(/*begin=*/ 0u, fields->size(), name_cmp, type_cmp, get_name_idx);

  if (kIsDebugBuild) {
    ArtField* found = nullptr;
    for (ArtField& field : MakeIterationRangeFromLengthPrefixedArray(fields)) {
      if (name == field.GetName() && type == field.GetTypeDescriptor()) {
        found = &field;
        break;
      }
    }

    ArtField* ret = success ? &fields->At(mid) : nullptr;
    CHECK_EQ(found, ret)
        << "Found " << ArtField::PrettyField(found) << " vs " << ArtField::PrettyField(ret);
  }

  if (success) {
    return {true, &fields->At(mid)};
  }

  return {false, nullptr};
}

ArtField* Class::FindDeclaredInstanceField(std::string_view name, std::string_view type) {
  // Binary search by name. Interfaces are not relevant because they can't contain instance fields.
  LengthPrefixedArray<ArtField>* ifields = GetIFieldsPtr();
  if (ifields == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  DCHECK(!IsProxyClass());
  auto [success, field] = FindFieldByNameAndType(GetDexFile(), ifields, name, type);
  DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
  return field;
}

ArtField* Class::FindDeclaredInstanceField(ObjPtr<DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t dex_field_idx) {
  if (GetDexCache() == dex_cache) {
    for (ArtField& field : GetIFields()) {
      if (field.GetDexFieldIndex() == dex_field_idx) {
        return &field;
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtField* Class::FindInstanceField(std::string_view name, std::string_view type) {
  // Is the field in this class, or any of its superclasses?
  // Interfaces are not relevant because they can't contain instance fields.
  for (ObjPtr<Class> c = this; c != nullptr; c = c->GetSuperClass()) {
    ArtField* f = c->FindDeclaredInstanceField(name, type);
    if (f != nullptr) {
      return f;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtField* Class::FindDeclaredStaticField(std::string_view name, std::string_view type) {
  DCHECK(!type.empty());
  LengthPrefixedArray<ArtField>* sfields = GetSFieldsPtr();
  if (sfields == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  if (UNLIKELY(IsProxyClass())) {
    // Proxy fields do not have appropriate dex field indexes required by
    // `FindFieldByNameAndType()`. However, each proxy class has exactly
    // the same artificial fields created by the `ClassLinker`.
    DCHECK_EQ(sfields->size(), 2u);
    DCHECK_EQ(strcmp(sfields->At(0).GetName(), "interfaces"), 0);
    DCHECK_EQ(strcmp(sfields->At(0).GetTypeDescriptor(), "[Ljava/lang/Class;"), 0);
    DCHECK_EQ(strcmp(sfields->At(1).GetName(), "throws"), 0);
    DCHECK_EQ(strcmp(sfields->At(1).GetTypeDescriptor(), "[[Ljava/lang/Class;"), 0);
    if (name == "interfaces") {
      return (type == "[Ljava/lang/Class;") ? &sfields->At(0) : nullptr;
    } else if (name == "throws") {
      return (type == "[[Ljava/lang/Class;") ? &sfields->At(1) : nullptr;
    } else {
      return nullptr;
    }
  }
  auto [success, field] = FindFieldByNameAndType(GetDexFile(), sfields, name, type);
  DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
  return field;
}

ArtField* Class::FindDeclaredStaticField(ObjPtr<DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t dex_field_idx) {
  if (dex_cache == GetDexCache()) {
    for (ArtField& field : GetSFields()) {
      if (field.GetDexFieldIndex() == dex_field_idx) {
        return &field;
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

ArtField* Class::FindStaticField(std::string_view name, std::string_view type) {
  ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension ants(__FUNCTION__);
  // Is the field in this class (or its interfaces), or any of its
  // superclasses (or their interfaces)?
  for (ObjPtr<Class> k = this; k != nullptr; k = k->GetSuperClass()) {
    // Is the field in this class?
    ArtField* f = k->FindDeclaredStaticField(name, type);
    if (f != nullptr) {
      return f;
    }
    // Is this field in any of this class' interfaces?
    for (uint32_t i = 0, num_interfaces = k->NumDirectInterfaces(); i != num_interfaces; ++i) {
      ObjPtr<Class> interface = k->GetDirectInterface(i);
      DCHECK(interface != nullptr);
      f = interface->FindStaticField(name, type);
      if (f != nullptr) {
        return f;
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

// Find a field using the JLS field resolution order.
// Template arguments can be used to limit the search to either static or instance fields.
// The search should be limited only if we know that a full search would yield a field of
// the right type or no field at all. This can be known for field references in a method
// if we have previously verified that method and did not find a field type mismatch.
template <bool kSearchInstanceFields, bool kSearchStaticFields>
ALWAYS_INLINE
ArtField* FindFieldImpl(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                        ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                        uint32_t field_idx) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  static_assert(kSearchInstanceFields || kSearchStaticFields);

  // FIXME: Hijacking a proxy class by a custom class loader can break this assumption.
  DCHECK(!klass->IsProxyClass());

  ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension ants(__FUNCTION__);

  // First try to find a declared field by `field_idx` if we have a `dex_cache` match.
  ObjPtr<DexCache> klass_dex_cache = klass->GetDexCache();
  if (klass_dex_cache == dex_cache) {
    // Lookup is always performed in the class referenced by the FieldId.
    DCHECK_EQ(klass->GetDexTypeIndex(),
              klass_dex_cache->GetDexFile()->GetFieldId(field_idx).class_idx_);
    ArtField* f =  kSearchInstanceFields
        ? klass->FindDeclaredInstanceField(klass_dex_cache, field_idx)
        : nullptr;
    if (kSearchStaticFields && f == nullptr) {
      f = klass->FindDeclaredStaticField(klass_dex_cache, field_idx);
    }
    if (f != nullptr) {
      return f;
    }
  }

  const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
  const dex::FieldId& field_id = dex_file.GetFieldId(field_idx);

  std::string_view name;  // Do not touch the dex file string data until actually needed.
  std::string_view type;
  auto ensure_name_and_type_initialized = [&]() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    if (name.empty()) {
      name = dex_file.GetFieldNameView(field_id);
      type = dex_file.GetFieldTypeDescriptorView(field_id);
    }
  };

  auto search_direct_interfaces = [&](ObjPtr<mirror::Class> k)
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    // TODO: The `FindStaticField()` performs a recursive search and it's possible to
    // construct interface hierarchies that make the time complexity exponential in depth.
    // Rewrite this with a `HashSet<mirror::Class*>` to mark classes we have already
    // searched for the field, so that we call `FindDeclaredStaticField()` only once
    // on each interface. And use a work queue to avoid unlimited recursion depth.
    // TODO: Once we call `FindDeclaredStaticField()` directly, use search by indexes
    // instead of strings if the interface's dex cache matches `dex_cache`. This shall
    // allow delaying the `ensure_name_and_type_initialized()` call further.
    uint32_t num_interfaces = k->NumDirectInterfaces();
    if (num_interfaces != 0u) {
      ensure_name_and_type_initialized();
      for (uint32_t i = 0; i != num_interfaces; ++i) {
        ObjPtr<Class> interface = k->GetDirectInterface(i);
        DCHECK(interface != nullptr);
        ArtField* f = interface->FindStaticField(name, type);
        if (f != nullptr) {
          return f;
        }
      }
    }
    return static_cast<ArtField*>(nullptr);
  };

  auto find_field_by_name_and_type = [&](ObjPtr<mirror::Class> k, ObjPtr<DexCache> k_dex_cache)
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) -> std::tuple<bool, ArtField*> {
    if ((!kSearchInstanceFields || k->GetIFieldsPtr() == nullptr) &&
        (!kSearchStaticFields || k->GetSFieldsPtr() == nullptr)) {
      return {false, nullptr};
    }
    ensure_name_and_type_initialized();
    const DexFile& k_dex_file = *k_dex_cache->GetDexFile();
    if (kSearchInstanceFields && k->GetIFieldsPtr() != nullptr) {
      auto [success, field] = FindFieldByNameAndType(k_dex_file, k->GetIFieldsPtr(), name, type);
      DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
      if (success) {
        return {true, field};
      }
    }
    if (kSearchStaticFields && k->GetSFieldsPtr() != nullptr) {
      auto [success, field] = FindFieldByNameAndType(k_dex_file, k->GetSFieldsPtr(), name, type);
      DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
      if (success) {
        return {true, field};
      }
    }
    return {false, nullptr};
  };

  // If we had a dex cache mismatch, search declared fields by name and type.
  if (klass_dex_cache != dex_cache) {
    auto [success, field] = find_field_by_name_and_type(klass, klass_dex_cache);
    DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
    if (success) {
      return field;
    }
  }

  // Search direct interfaces for static fields.
  if (kSearchStaticFields) {
    ArtField* f = search_direct_interfaces(klass);
    if (f != nullptr) {
      return f;
    }
  }

  // Continue searching in superclasses.
  for (ObjPtr<Class> k = klass->GetSuperClass(); k != nullptr; k = k->GetSuperClass()) {
    // Is the field in this class?
    ObjPtr<DexCache> k_dex_cache = k->GetDexCache();
    if (k_dex_cache == dex_cache) {
      // Matching dex_cache. We cannot compare the `field_idx` anymore because
      // the type index differs, so compare the name index and type index.
      if (kSearchInstanceFields) {
        for (ArtField& field : k->GetIFields()) {
          const dex::FieldId& other_field_id = dex_file.GetFieldId(field.GetDexFieldIndex());
          if (other_field_id.name_idx_ == field_id.name_idx_ &&
              other_field_id.type_idx_ == field_id.type_idx_) {
            return &field;
          }
        }
      }
      if (kSearchStaticFields) {
        for (ArtField& field : k->GetSFields()) {
          const dex::FieldId& other_field_id = dex_file.GetFieldId(field.GetDexFieldIndex());
           if (other_field_id.name_idx_ == field_id.name_idx_ &&
              other_field_id.type_idx_ == field_id.type_idx_) {
            return &field;
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      auto [success, field] = find_field_by_name_and_type(k, k_dex_cache);
      DCHECK_EQ(success, field != nullptr);
      if (success) {
        return field;
      }
    }
    if (kSearchStaticFields) {
      // Is this field in any of this class' interfaces?
      ArtField* f = search_direct_interfaces(k);
      if (f != nullptr) {
        return f;
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

FLATTEN
ArtField* Class::FindField(ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t field_idx) {
  return FindFieldImpl</*kSearchInstanceFields=*/ true,
                       /*kSearchStaticFields*/ true>(this, dex_cache, field_idx);
}

FLATTEN
ArtField* Class::FindInstanceField(ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t field_idx) {
  return FindFieldImpl</*kSearchInstanceFields=*/ true,
                       /*kSearchStaticFields*/ false>(this, dex_cache, field_idx);
}

FLATTEN
ArtField* Class::FindStaticField(ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache, uint32_t field_idx) {
  return FindFieldImpl</*kSearchInstanceFields=*/ false,
                       /*kSearchStaticFields*/ true>(this, dex_cache, field_idx);
}

void Class::ClearSkipAccessChecksFlagOnAllMethods(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(IsVerified());
  for (auto& m : GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (!m.IsNative() && m.IsInvokable()) {
      m.ClearSkipAccessChecks();
    }
  }
}

void Class::ClearMustCountLocksFlagOnAllMethods(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(IsVerified());
  for (auto& m : GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (!m.IsNative() && m.IsInvokable()) {
      m.ClearMustCountLocks();
    }
  }
}

void Class::ClearDontCompileFlagOnAllMethods(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(IsVerified());
  for (auto& m : GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (!m.IsNative() && m.IsInvokable()) {
      m.ClearDontCompile();
    }
  }
}

void Class::SetSkipAccessChecksFlagOnAllMethods(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(IsVerified());
  for (auto& m : GetMethods(pointer_size)) {
    if (!m.IsNative() && m.IsInvokable()) {
      m.SetSkipAccessChecks();
    }
  }
}

const char* Class::GetDescriptor(std::string* storage) {
  size_t dim = 0u;
  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass = this;
  while (klass->IsArrayClass()) {
    ++dim;
    // No read barrier needed, we're reading a chain of constant references for comparison
    // with null. Then we follow up below with reading constant references to read constant
    // primitive data in both proxy and non-proxy paths. See ReadBarrierOption.
    klass = klass->GetComponentType<kDefaultVerifyFlags, kWithoutReadBarrier>();
  }
  if (klass->IsProxyClass()) {
    // No read barrier needed, the `name` field is constant for proxy classes and
    // the contents of the String are also constant. See ReadBarrierOption.
    ObjPtr<mirror::String> name = klass->GetName<kVerifyNone, kWithoutReadBarrier>();
    DCHECK(name != nullptr);
    *storage = DotToDescriptor(name->ToModifiedUtf8().c_str());
  } else {
    const char* descriptor;
    if (klass->IsPrimitive()) {
      descriptor = Primitive::Descriptor(klass->GetPrimitiveType());
    } else {
      const DexFile& dex_file = klass->GetDexFile();
      const dex::TypeId& type_id = dex_file.GetTypeId(klass->GetDexTypeIndex());
      descriptor = dex_file.GetTypeDescriptor(type_id);
    }
    if (dim == 0) {
      return descriptor;
    }
    *storage = descriptor;
  }
  storage->insert(0u, dim, '[');
  return storage->c_str();
}

const dex::ClassDef* Class::GetClassDef() {
  uint16_t class_def_idx = GetDexClassDefIndex();
  if (class_def_idx == DexFile::kDexNoIndex16) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  return &GetDexFile().GetClassDef(class_def_idx);
}

dex::TypeIndex Class::GetDirectInterfaceTypeIdx(uint32_t idx) {
  DCHECK(!IsPrimitive());
  DCHECK(!IsArrayClass());
  return GetInterfaceTypeList()->GetTypeItem(idx).type_idx_;
}

ObjPtr<Class> Class::GetDirectInterface(uint32_t idx) {
  DCHECK(!IsPrimitive());
  if (IsArrayClass()) {
    ObjPtr<IfTable> iftable = GetIfTable();
    DCHECK(iftable != nullptr);
    DCHECK_EQ(iftable->Count(), 2u);
    DCHECK_LT(idx, 2u);
    ObjPtr<Class> interface = iftable->GetInterface(idx);
    DCHECK(interface != nullptr);
    return interface;
  } else if (IsProxyClass()) {
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> interfaces = GetProxyInterfaces();
    DCHECK(interfaces != nullptr);
    return interfaces->Get(idx);
  } else {
    dex::TypeIndex type_idx = GetDirectInterfaceTypeIdx(idx);
    ObjPtr<Class> interface = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->LookupResolvedType(
        type_idx, GetDexCache(), GetClassLoader());
    return interface;
  }
}

ObjPtr<Class> Class::ResolveDirectInterface(Thread* self, Handle<Class> klass, uint32_t idx) {
  ObjPtr<Class> interface = klass->GetDirectInterface(idx);
  if (interface == nullptr) {
    DCHECK(!klass->IsArrayClass());
    DCHECK(!klass->IsProxyClass());
    dex::TypeIndex type_idx = klass->GetDirectInterfaceTypeIdx(idx);
    interface = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveType(type_idx, klass.Get());
    CHECK(interface != nullptr || self->IsExceptionPending());
  }
  return interface;
}

ObjPtr<Class> Class::GetCommonSuperClass(Handle<Class> klass) {
  DCHECK(klass != nullptr);
  DCHECK(!klass->IsInterface());
  DCHECK(!IsInterface());
  ObjPtr<Class> common_super_class = this;
  while (!common_super_class->IsAssignableFrom(klass.Get())) {
    ObjPtr<Class> old_common = common_super_class;
    common_super_class = old_common->GetSuperClass();
    DCHECK(common_super_class != nullptr) << old_common->PrettyClass();
  }
  return common_super_class;
}

const char* Class::GetSourceFile() {
  const DexFile& dex_file = GetDexFile();
  const dex::ClassDef* dex_class_def = GetClassDef();
  if (dex_class_def == nullptr) {
    // Generated classes have no class def.
    return nullptr;
  }
  return dex_file.GetSourceFile(*dex_class_def);
}

std::string Class::GetLocation() {
  ObjPtr<DexCache> dex_cache = GetDexCache();
  if (dex_cache != nullptr && !IsProxyClass()) {
    return dex_cache->GetLocation()->ToModifiedUtf8();
  }
  // Arrays and proxies are generated and have no corresponding dex file location.
  return "generated class";
}

const dex::TypeList* Class::GetInterfaceTypeList() {
  const dex::ClassDef* class_def = GetClassDef();
  if (class_def == nullptr) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  return GetDexFile().GetInterfacesList(*class_def);
}

void Class::PopulateEmbeddedVTable(PointerSize pointer_size) {
  ObjPtr<PointerArray> table = GetVTableDuringLinking();
  CHECK(table != nullptr) << PrettyClass();
  const size_t table_length = table->GetLength();
  SetEmbeddedVTableLength(table_length);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < table_length; i++) {
    SetEmbeddedVTableEntry(i, table->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(i, pointer_size), pointer_size);
  }
  // Keep java.lang.Object class's vtable around for since it's easier
  // to be reused by array classes during their linking.
  if (!IsObjectClass()) {
    SetVTable(nullptr);
  }
}

class ReadBarrierOnNativeRootsVisitor {
 public:
  void operator()(ObjPtr<Object> obj ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                  MemberOffset offset ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                  bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}

  void VisitRootIfNonNull(CompressedReference<Object>* root) const
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    if (!root->IsNull()) {
      VisitRoot(root);
    }
  }

  void VisitRoot(CompressedReference<Object>* root) const
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    ObjPtr<Object> old_ref = root->AsMirrorPtr();
    ObjPtr<Object> new_ref = ReadBarrier::BarrierForRoot(root);
    if (old_ref != new_ref) {
      // Update the field atomically. This may fail if mutator updates before us, but it's ok.
      auto* atomic_root =
          reinterpret_cast<Atomic<CompressedReference<Object>>*>(root);
      atomic_root->CompareAndSetStrongSequentiallyConsistent(
          CompressedReference<Object>::FromMirrorPtr(old_ref.Ptr()),
          CompressedReference<Object>::FromMirrorPtr(new_ref.Ptr()));
    }
  }
};

// The pre-fence visitor for Class::CopyOf().
class CopyClassVisitor {
 public:
  CopyClassVisitor(Thread* self,
                   Handle<Class>* orig,
                   size_t new_length,
                   size_t copy_bytes,
                   ImTable* imt,
                   PointerSize pointer_size)
      : self_(self), orig_(orig), new_length_(new_length),
        copy_bytes_(copy_bytes), imt_(imt), pointer_size_(pointer_size) {
  }

  void operator()(ObjPtr<Object> obj, size_t usable_size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
    StackHandleScope<1> hs(self_);
    Handle<mirror::Class> h_new_class_obj(hs.NewHandle(obj->AsClass()));
    Object::CopyObject(h_new_class_obj.Get(), orig_->Get(), copy_bytes_);
    Class::SetStatus(h_new_class_obj, ClassStatus::kResolving, self_);
    h_new_class_obj->PopulateEmbeddedVTable(pointer_size_);
    h_new_class_obj->SetImt(imt_, pointer_size_);
    h_new_class_obj->SetClassSize(new_length_);
    // Visit all of the references to make sure there is no from space references in the native
    // roots.
    h_new_class_obj->Object::VisitReferences(ReadBarrierOnNativeRootsVisitor(), VoidFunctor());
  }

 private:
  Thread* const self_;
  Handle<Class>* const orig_;
  const size_t new_length_;
  const size_t copy_bytes_;
  ImTable* imt_;
  const PointerSize pointer_size_;
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CopyClassVisitor);
};

ObjPtr<Class> Class::CopyOf(Handle<Class> h_this,
                            Thread* self,
                            int32_t new_length,
                            ImTable* imt,
                            PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK_GE(new_length, static_cast<int32_t>(sizeof(Class)));
  // We may get copied by a compacting GC.
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  gc::Heap* heap = runtime->GetHeap();
  // The num_bytes (3rd param) is sizeof(Class) as opposed to SizeOf()
  // to skip copying the tail part that we will overwrite here.
  CopyClassVisitor visitor(self, &h_this, new_length, sizeof(Class), imt, pointer_size);
  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> java_lang_Class = GetClassRoot<mirror::Class>(runtime->GetClassLinker());
  ObjPtr<Object> new_class = kMovingClasses ?
      heap->AllocObject(self, java_lang_Class, new_length, visitor) :
      heap->AllocNonMovableObject(self, java_lang_Class, new_length, visitor);
  if (UNLIKELY(new_class == nullptr)) {
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return nullptr;
  }
  return new_class->AsClass();
}

bool Class::ProxyDescriptorEquals(const char* match) {
  DCHECK(IsProxyClass());
  std::string storage;
  const char* descriptor = GetDescriptor(&storage);
  DCHECK(descriptor == storage.c_str());
  return storage == match;
}

// TODO: Move this to java_lang_Class.cc?
ArtMethod* Class::GetDeclaredConstructor(
    Thread* self, Handle<ObjectArray<Class>> args, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  for (auto& m : GetDirectMethods(pointer_size)) {
    // Skip <clinit> which is a static constructor, as well as non constructors.
    if (m.IsStatic() || !m.IsConstructor()) {
      continue;
    }
    // May cause thread suspension and exceptions.
    if (m.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(kRuntimePointerSize)->EqualParameters(args)) {
      return &m;
    }
    if (UNLIKELY(self->IsExceptionPending())) {
      return nullptr;
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}

uint32_t Class::Depth() {
  uint32_t depth = 0;
  for (ObjPtr<Class> cls = this; cls->GetSuperClass() != nullptr; cls = cls->GetSuperClass()) {
    depth++;
  }
  return depth;
}

dex::TypeIndex Class::FindTypeIndexInOtherDexFile(const DexFile& dex_file) {
  std::string temp;
  const dex::TypeId* type_id = dex_file.FindTypeId(GetDescriptor(&temp));
  return (type_id == nullptr) ? dex::TypeIndex() : dex_file.GetIndexForTypeId(*type_id);
}

ALWAYS_INLINE
static bool IsMethodPreferredOver(ArtMethod* orig_method,
                                  bool orig_method_hidden,
                                  ArtMethod* new_method,
                                  bool new_method_hidden) {
  DCHECK(new_method != nullptr);

  // Is this the first result?
  if (orig_method == nullptr) {
    return true;
  }

  // Original method is hidden, the new one is not?
  if (orig_method_hidden && !new_method_hidden) {
    return true;
  }

  // We iterate over virtual methods first and then over direct ones,
  // so we can never be in situation where `orig_method` is direct and
  // `new_method` is virtual.
  DCHECK(!orig_method->IsDirect() || new_method->IsDirect());

  // Original method is synthetic, the new one is not?
  if (orig_method->IsSynthetic() && !new_method->IsSynthetic()) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

template <PointerSize kPointerSize>
ObjPtr<Method> Class::GetDeclaredMethodInternal(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<String> name,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args,
    const std::function<hiddenapi::AccessContext()>& fn_get_access_context) {
  // Covariant return types (or smali) permit the class to define
  // multiple methods with the same name and parameter types.
  // Prefer (in decreasing order of importance):
  //  1) non-hidden method over hidden
  //  2) virtual methods over direct
  //  3) non-synthetic methods over synthetic
  // We never return miranda methods that were synthesized by the runtime.
  StackHandleScope<3> hs(self);
  auto h_method_name = hs.NewHandle(name);
  if (UNLIKELY(h_method_name == nullptr)) {
    ThrowNullPointerException("name == null");
    return nullptr;
  }
  auto h_args = hs.NewHandle(args);
  Handle<Class> h_klass = hs.NewHandle(klass);
  constexpr hiddenapi::AccessMethod access_method = hiddenapi::AccessMethod::kNone;
  ArtMethod* result = nullptr;
  bool result_hidden = false;
  for (auto& m : h_klass->GetDeclaredVirtualMethods(kPointerSize)) {
    if (m.IsMiranda()) {
      continue;
    }
    auto* np_method = m.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(kPointerSize);
    // May cause thread suspension.
    ObjPtr<String> np_name = np_method->ResolveNameString();
    if (!np_name->Equals(h_method_name.Get()) || !np_method->EqualParameters(h_args)) {
      if (UNLIKELY(self->IsExceptionPending())) {
        return nullptr;
      }
      continue;
    }
    bool m_hidden = hiddenapi::ShouldDenyAccessToMember(&m, fn_get_access_context, access_method);
    if (!m_hidden && !m.IsSynthetic()) {
      // Non-hidden, virtual, non-synthetic. Best possible result, exit early.
      return Method::CreateFromArtMethod<kPointerSize>(self, &m);
    } else if (IsMethodPreferredOver(result, result_hidden, &m, m_hidden)) {
      // Remember as potential result.
      result = &m;
      result_hidden = m_hidden;
    }
  }

  if ((result != nullptr) && !result_hidden) {
    // We have not found a non-hidden, virtual, non-synthetic method, but
    // if we have found a non-hidden, virtual, synthetic method, we cannot
    // do better than that later.
    DCHECK(!result->IsDirect());
    DCHECK(result->IsSynthetic());
  } else {
    for (auto& m : h_klass->GetDirectMethods(kPointerSize)) {
      auto modifiers = m.GetAccessFlags();
      if ((modifiers & kAccConstructor) != 0) {
        continue;
      }
      auto* np_method = m.GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(kPointerSize);
      // May cause thread suspension.
      ObjPtr<String> np_name = np_method->ResolveNameString();
      if (np_name == nullptr) {
        self->AssertPendingException();
        return nullptr;
      }
      if (!np_name->Equals(h_method_name.Get()) || !np_method->EqualParameters(h_args)) {
        if (UNLIKELY(self->IsExceptionPending())) {
          return nullptr;
        }
        continue;
      }
      DCHECK(!m.IsMiranda());  // Direct methods cannot be miranda methods.
      bool m_hidden = hiddenapi::ShouldDenyAccessToMember(&m, fn_get_access_context, access_method);
      if (!m_hidden && !m.IsSynthetic()) {
        // Non-hidden, direct, non-synthetic. Any virtual result could only have been
        // hidden, therefore this is the best possible match. Exit now.
        DCHECK((result == nullptr) || result_hidden);
        return Method::CreateFromArtMethod<kPointerSize>(self, &m);
      } else if (IsMethodPreferredOver(result, result_hidden, &m, m_hidden)) {
        // Remember as potential result.
        result = &m;
        result_hidden = m_hidden;
      }
    }
  }

  return result != nullptr
      ? Method::CreateFromArtMethod<kPointerSize>(self, result)
      : nullptr;
}

template
ObjPtr<Method> Class::GetDeclaredMethodInternal<PointerSize::k32>(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<String> name,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args,
    const std::function<hiddenapi::AccessContext()>& fn_get_access_context);
template
ObjPtr<Method> Class::GetDeclaredMethodInternal<PointerSize::k64>(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<String> name,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args,
    const std::function<hiddenapi::AccessContext()>& fn_get_access_context);

template <PointerSize kPointerSize>
ObjPtr<Constructor> Class::GetDeclaredConstructorInternal(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args) {
  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
  ArtMethod* result = klass->GetDeclaredConstructor(self, hs.NewHandle(args), kPointerSize);
  return result != nullptr
      ? Constructor::CreateFromArtMethod<kPointerSize>(self, result)
      : nullptr;
}

// Constructor::CreateFromArtMethod<kTransactionActive>(self, result)

template
ObjPtr<Constructor> Class::GetDeclaredConstructorInternal<PointerSize::k32>(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args);
template
ObjPtr<Constructor> Class::GetDeclaredConstructorInternal<PointerSize::k64>(
    Thread* self,
    ObjPtr<Class> klass,
    ObjPtr<ObjectArray<Class>> args);

int32_t Class::GetInnerClassFlags(Handle<Class> h_this, int32_t default_value) {
  if (h_this->IsProxyClass() || h_this->GetDexCache() == nullptr) {
    return default_value;
  }
  uint32_t flags;
  if (!annotations::GetInnerClassFlags(h_this, &flags)) {
    return default_value;
  }
  return flags;
}

void Class::SetObjectSizeAllocFastPath(uint32_t new_object_size) {
  if (Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction()) {
    SetField32Volatile<true>(ObjectSizeAllocFastPathOffset(), new_object_size);
  } else {
    SetField32Volatile<false>(ObjectSizeAllocFastPathOffset(), new_object_size);
  }
}

std::string Class::PrettyDescriptor(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) {
  if (klass == nullptr) {
    return "null";
  }
  return klass->PrettyDescriptor();
}

std::string Class::PrettyDescriptor() {
  std::string temp;
  return art::PrettyDescriptor(GetDescriptor(&temp));
}

std::string Class::PrettyClass(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> c) {
  if (c == nullptr) {
    return "null";
  }
  return c->PrettyClass();
}

std::string Class::PrettyClass() {
  std::string result;
  if (IsObsoleteObject()) {
    result += "(Obsolete)";
  }
  if (IsRetired()) {
    result += "(Retired)";
  }
  result += "java.lang.Class<";
  result += PrettyDescriptor();
  result += ">";
  return result;
}

std::string Class::PrettyClassAndClassLoader(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> c) {
  if (c == nullptr) {
    return "null";
  }
  return c->PrettyClassAndClassLoader();
}

std::string Class::PrettyClassAndClassLoader() {
  std::string result;
  result += "java.lang.Class<";
  result += PrettyDescriptor();
  result += ",";
  result += mirror::Object::PrettyTypeOf(GetClassLoader());
  // TODO: add an identifying hash value for the loader
  result += ">";
  return result;
}

template<VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags> void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck() {
  // Check class is loaded/retired or this is java.lang.String that has a
  // circularity issue during loading the names of its members
  DCHECK(IsIdxLoaded<kVerifyFlags>() || IsRetired<kVerifyFlags>() ||
         IsErroneous<static_cast<VerifyObjectFlags>(kVerifyFlags & ~kVerifyThis)>() ||
         this == GetClassRoot<String>())
              << "IsIdxLoaded=" << IsIdxLoaded<kVerifyFlags>()
              << " IsRetired=" << IsRetired<kVerifyFlags>()
              << " IsErroneous=" <<
              IsErroneous<static_cast<VerifyObjectFlags>(kVerifyFlags & ~kVerifyThis)>()
              << " IsString=" << (this == GetClassRoot<String>())
              << " status= " << GetStatus<kVerifyFlags>()
              << " descriptor=" << PrettyDescriptor();
}
// Instantiate the common cases.
template void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck<kVerifyNone>();
template void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck<kVerifyThis>();
template void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck<kVerifyReads>();
template void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck<kVerifyWrites>();
template void Class::GetAccessFlagsDCheck<kVerifyAll>();

void Class::SetAccessFlagsDCheck(uint32_t new_access_flags) {
  uint32_t old_access_flags = GetField32<kVerifyNone>(AccessFlagsOffset());
  // kAccVerificationAttempted is retained.
  CHECK((old_access_flags & kAccVerificationAttempted) == 0 ||
        (new_access_flags & kAccVerificationAttempted) != 0);
}

ObjPtr<Object> Class::GetMethodIds() {
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(GetExtData());
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    return ext->GetJMethodIDs();
  }
}
bool Class::EnsureMethodIds(Handle<Class> h_this) {
  DCHECK_NE(Runtime::Current()->GetJniIdType(), JniIdType::kPointer) << "JNI Ids are pointers!";
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(EnsureExtDataPresent(h_this, self));
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return false;
  }
  return ext->EnsureJMethodIDsArrayPresent(h_this->NumMethods());
}

ObjPtr<Object> Class::GetStaticFieldIds() {
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(GetExtData());
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    return ext->GetStaticJFieldIDs();
  }
}
bool Class::EnsureStaticFieldIds(Handle<Class> h_this) {
  DCHECK_NE(Runtime::Current()->GetJniIdType(), JniIdType::kPointer) << "JNI Ids are pointers!";
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(EnsureExtDataPresent(h_this, self));
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return false;
  }
  return ext->EnsureStaticJFieldIDsArrayPresent(h_this->NumStaticFields());
}
ObjPtr<Object> Class::GetInstanceFieldIds() {
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(GetExtData());
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    return ext->GetInstanceJFieldIDs();
  }
}
bool Class::EnsureInstanceFieldIds(Handle<Class> h_this) {
  DCHECK_NE(Runtime::Current()->GetJniIdType(), JniIdType::kPointer) << "JNI Ids are pointers!";
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  ObjPtr<ClassExt> ext(EnsureExtDataPresent(h_this, self));
  if (ext.IsNull()) {
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return false;
  }
  return ext->EnsureInstanceJFieldIDsArrayPresent(h_this->NumInstanceFields());
}

size_t Class::GetStaticFieldIdOffset(ArtField* field) {
  DCHECK_LT(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field),
            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&*GetSFieldsPtr()->end()))
      << "field not part of the current class. " << field->PrettyField() << " class is "
      << PrettyClass();
  DCHECK_GE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field),
            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&*GetSFieldsPtr()->begin()))
      << "field not part of the current class. " << field->PrettyField() << " class is "
      << PrettyClass();
  uintptr_t start = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&GetSFieldsPtr()->At(0));
  uintptr_t fld = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field);
  size_t res = (fld - start) / sizeof(ArtField);
  DCHECK_EQ(&GetSFieldsPtr()->At(res), field)
      << "Incorrect field computation expected: " << field->PrettyField()
      << " got: " << GetSFieldsPtr()->At(res).PrettyField();
  return res;
}

size_t Class::GetInstanceFieldIdOffset(ArtField* field) {
  DCHECK_LT(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field),
            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&*GetIFieldsPtr()->end()))
      << "field not part of the current class. " << field->PrettyField() << " class is "
      << PrettyClass();
  DCHECK_GE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field),
            reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&*GetIFieldsPtr()->begin()))
      << "field not part of the current class. " << field->PrettyField() << " class is "
      << PrettyClass();
  uintptr_t start = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&GetIFieldsPtr()->At(0));
  uintptr_t fld = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field);
  size_t res = (fld - start) / sizeof(ArtField);
  DCHECK_EQ(&GetIFieldsPtr()->At(res), field)
      << "Incorrect field computation expected: " << field->PrettyField()
      << " got: " << GetIFieldsPtr()->At(res).PrettyField();
  return res;
}

size_t Class::GetMethodIdOffset(ArtMethod* method, PointerSize pointer_size) {
  DCHECK(GetMethodsSlice(kRuntimePointerSize).Contains(method))
      << "method not part of the current class. " << method->PrettyMethod() << "( " << reinterpret_cast<void*>(method) << ")" << " class is "
      << PrettyClass() << [&]() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
        std::ostringstream os;
        os << " Methods are [";
        for (ArtMethod& m : GetMethodsSlice(kRuntimePointerSize)) {
          os << m.PrettyMethod() << "( " << reinterpret_cast<void*>(&m) << "), ";
        }
        os << "]";
        return os.str();
      }();
  uintptr_t start = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&*GetMethodsSlice(pointer_size).begin());
  uintptr_t fld = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(method);
  size_t art_method_size = ArtMethod::Size(pointer_size);
  size_t art_method_align = ArtMethod::Alignment(pointer_size);
  size_t res = (fld - start) / art_method_size;
  DCHECK_EQ(&GetMethodsPtr()->At(res, art_method_size, art_method_align), method)
      << "Incorrect method computation expected: " << method->PrettyMethod()
      << " got: " << GetMethodsPtr()->At(res, art_method_size, art_method_align).PrettyMethod();
  return res;
}

ArtMethod* Class::FindAccessibleInterfaceMethod(ArtMethod* implementation_method,
                                                PointerSize pointer_size)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  ObjPtr<mirror::IfTable> iftable = GetIfTable();
  for (int32_t i = 0, iftable_count = iftable->Count(); i < iftable_count; ++i) {
    ObjPtr<mirror::PointerArray> methods = iftable->GetMethodArrayOrNull(i);
    if (methods == nullptr) {
      continue;
    }
    for (size_t j = 0, count = iftable->GetMethodArrayCount(i); j < count; ++j) {
      if (implementation_method == methods->GetElementPtrSize<ArtMethod*>(j, pointer_size)) {
        ObjPtr<mirror::Class> iface = iftable->GetInterface(i);
        ArtMethod* interface_method = &iface->GetVirtualMethodsSlice(pointer_size)[j];
        // If the interface method is part of the public SDK, return it.
        if ((hiddenapi::GetRuntimeFlags(interface_method) & kAccPublicApi) != 0) {
          return interface_method;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return nullptr;
}


}  // namespace mirror
}  // namespace art