client/adb_install.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "adb_install.h"

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
#include <android-base/strings.h>

#include "adb.h"
#include "adb_client.h"
#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
#include "adb_utils.h"
#include "client/file_sync_client.h"
#include "commandline.h"
#include "fastdeploy.h"
#include "incremental.h"

static constexpr int kFastDeployMinApi = 24;
static constexpr int kIncrementalMinApi = 29;

namespace {

enum InstallMode {
    INSTALL_DEFAULT,
    INSTALL_PUSH,
    INSTALL_STREAM,
    INSTALL_INCREMENTAL,
};
}

static bool can_use_feature(const char* feature) {
    FeatureSet features;
    std::string error;
    if (!adb_get_feature_set(&features, &error)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
        return false;
    }
    return CanUseFeature(features, feature);
}

static InstallMode best_install_mode() {
    if (can_use_feature(kFeatureCmd)) {
        return INSTALL_STREAM;
    }
    return INSTALL_PUSH;
}

static bool is_apex_supported() {
    return can_use_feature(kFeatureApex);
}

static bool is_abb_exec_supported() {
    return can_use_feature(kFeatureAbbExec);
}

static int pm_command(int argc, const char** argv) {
    std::string cmd = "pm";

    while (argc-- > 0) {
        cmd += " " + escape_arg(*argv++);
    }

    return send_shell_command(cmd);
}

static int uninstall_app_streamed(int argc, const char** argv) {
    // 'adb uninstall' takes the same arguments as 'cmd package uninstall' on device
    std::string cmd = "cmd package";
    while (argc-- > 0) {
        // deny the '-k' option until the remaining data/cache can be removed with adb/UI
        if (strcmp(*argv, "-k") == 0) {
            printf("The -k option uninstalls the application while retaining the "
                   "data/cache.\n"
                   "At the moment, there is no way to remove the remaining data.\n"
                   "You will have to reinstall the application with the same "
                   "signature, and fully "
                   "uninstall it.\n"
                   "If you truly wish to continue, execute 'adb shell cmd package "
                   "uninstall -k'.\n");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        cmd += " " + escape_arg(*argv++);
    }

    return send_shell_command(cmd);
}

static int uninstall_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv) {
    /* if the user choose the -k option, we refuse to do it until devices are
       out with the option to uninstall the remaining data somehow (adb/ui) */
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-k")) {
            printf("The -k option uninstalls the application while retaining the "
                   "data/cache.\n"
                   "At the moment, there is no way to remove the remaining data.\n"
                   "You will have to reinstall the application with the same "
                   "signature, and fully "
                   "uninstall it.\n"
                   "If you truly wish to continue, execute 'adb shell pm uninstall "
                   "-k'\n.");
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    /* 'adb uninstall' takes the same arguments as 'pm uninstall' on device */
    return pm_command(argc, argv);
}

int uninstall_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
    if (best_install_mode() == INSTALL_PUSH) {
        return uninstall_app_legacy(argc, argv);
    }
    return uninstall_app_streamed(argc, argv);
}

static void read_status_line(int fd, char* buf, size_t count) {
    count--;
    while (count > 0) {
        int len = adb_read(fd, buf, count);
        if (len <= 0) {
            break;
        }

        buf += len;
        count -= len;
    }
    *buf = '\0';
}

static int install_app_streamed(int argc, const char** argv, bool use_fastdeploy) {
    printf("Performing Streamed Install\n");

    // The last argument must be the APK file
    const char* file = argv[argc - 1];
    if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") &&
        !android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
        error_exit("filename doesn't end .apk or .apex: %s", file);
    }

    bool is_apex = false;
    if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
        is_apex = true;
    }
    if (is_apex && !is_apex_supported()) {
        error_exit(".apex is not supported on the target device");
    }

    if (is_apex && use_fastdeploy) {
        error_exit("--fastdeploy doesn't support .apex files");
    }

    if (use_fastdeploy) {
        auto metadata = extract_metadata(file);
        if (metadata.has_value()) {
            // pass all but 1st (command) and last (apk path) parameters through to pm for
            // session creation
            std::vector<const char*> pm_args{argv + 1, argv + argc - 1};
            auto patchFd = install_patch(pm_args.size(), pm_args.data());
            return stream_patch(file, std::move(metadata.value()), std::move(patchFd));
        }
    }

    struct stat sb;
    if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to stat %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
        return 1;
    }

    unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
    if (local_fd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
        return 1;
    }

#ifdef __linux__
    posix_fadvise(local_fd.get(), 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE);
#endif

    const bool use_abb_exec = is_abb_exec_supported();
    std::string error;
    std::vector<std::string> cmd_args = {use_abb_exec ? "package" : "exec:cmd package"};
    cmd_args.reserve(argc + 3);

    // don't copy the APK name, but, copy the rest of the arguments as-is
    while (argc-- > 1) {
        if (use_abb_exec) {
            cmd_args.push_back(*argv++);
        } else {
            cmd_args.push_back(escape_arg(*argv++));
        }
    }

    // add size parameter [required for streaming installs]
    // do last to override any user specified value
    cmd_args.push_back("-S");
    cmd_args.push_back(android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRIu64, static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size)));

    if (is_apex) {
        cmd_args.push_back("--apex");
    }

    unique_fd remote_fd;
    if (use_abb_exec) {
        remote_fd = send_abb_exec_command(cmd_args, &error);
    } else {
        remote_fd.reset(adb_connect(android::base::Join(cmd_args, " "), &error));
    }
    if (remote_fd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
        return 1;
    }

    if (!copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get())) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to install: copy_to_file: %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
        return 1;
    }

    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to install %s: %s", file, buf);
        return 1;
    }

    fputs(buf, stdout);
    return 0;
}

static int install_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv, bool use_fastdeploy) {
    printf("Performing Push Install\n");

    // Find last APK argument.
    // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
    int last_apk = -1;
    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apex")) {
            error_exit("APEX packages are only compatible with Streamed Install");
        }
        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apk")) {
            last_apk = i;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (last_apk == -1) error_exit("need APK file on command line");

    int result = -1;
    std::vector<const char*> apk_file = {argv[last_apk]};
    std::string apk_dest = "/data/local/tmp/" + android::base::Basename(argv[last_apk]);
    argv[last_apk] = apk_dest.c_str(); /* destination name, not source location */

    if (use_fastdeploy) {
        auto metadata = extract_metadata(apk_file[0]);
        if (metadata.has_value()) {
            auto patchFd = apply_patch_on_device(apk_dest.c_str());
            int status = stream_patch(apk_file[0], std::move(metadata.value()), std::move(patchFd));

            result = pm_command(argc, argv);
            delete_device_file(apk_dest);

            return status;
        }
    }

    if (do_sync_push(apk_file, apk_dest.c_str(), false)) {
        result = pm_command(argc, argv);
        delete_device_file(apk_dest);
    }

    return result;
}

template <class TimePoint>
static int msBetween(TimePoint start, TimePoint end) {
    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start).count();
}

static int install_app_incremental(int argc, const char** argv) {
    printf("Performing Incremental Install\n");
    using clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
    const auto start = clock::now();
    int first_apk = -1;
    int last_apk = -1;
    std::string cert_path;
    bool wait = false;
    std::vector<std::string_view> args = {"package"};
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        const auto arg = std::string_view(argv[i]);
        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(arg, ".apk")) {
            last_apk = i;
            if (first_apk == -1) {
                first_apk = i;
            }
        } else if (arg == "--wait") {
            wait = true;
        } else if (arg.starts_with("install-")) {
            // incremental installation command on the device is the same for all its variations in
            // the adb, e.g. install-multiple or install-multi-package
            args.push_back("install");
        } else {
            args.push_back(arg);
        }
    }

    if (first_apk == -1) error_exit("Need at least one APK file on command line");

    const auto afterApk = clock::now();

    auto server_process = incremental::install({argv + first_apk, argv + last_apk + 1});
    if (!server_process) {
        return -1;
    }

    const auto end = clock::now();
    printf("Install command complete (ms: %d total, %d apk prep, %d install)\n",
           msBetween(start, end), msBetween(start, afterApk), msBetween(afterApk, end));

    if (wait) {
        (*server_process).wait();
    }

    return 0;
}

int install_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
    std::vector<int> processedArgIndices;
    InstallMode installMode = INSTALL_DEFAULT;
    bool use_fastdeploy = false;
    bool is_reinstall = false;
    FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy agent_update_strategy = FastDeploy_AgentUpdateDifferentVersion;

    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--streaming")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            installMode = INSTALL_STREAM;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-streaming")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            installMode = INSTALL_PUSH;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-r")) {
            // Note that this argument is not added to processedArgIndices because it
            // must be passed through to pm
            is_reinstall = true;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--fastdeploy")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            use_fastdeploy = true;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-fastdeploy")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            use_fastdeploy = false;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--force-agent")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            agent_update_strategy = FastDeploy_AgentUpdateAlways;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--date-check-agent")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            agent_update_strategy = FastDeploy_AgentUpdateNewerTimeStamp;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--version-check-agent")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            agent_update_strategy = FastDeploy_AgentUpdateDifferentVersion;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--incremental")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            installMode = INSTALL_INCREMENTAL;
        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-incremental")) {
            processedArgIndices.push_back(i);
            installMode = INSTALL_DEFAULT;
        }
    }

    if (installMode == INSTALL_INCREMENTAL) {
        if (get_device_api_level() < kIncrementalMinApi || !is_abb_exec_supported()) {
            error_exit("Attempting to use incremental install on unsupported device");
        }
    }

    if (installMode == INSTALL_DEFAULT) {
        installMode = best_install_mode();
    }

    if (installMode == INSTALL_STREAM && best_install_mode() == INSTALL_PUSH) {
        error_exit("Attempting to use streaming install on unsupported device");
    }

    if (use_fastdeploy && get_device_api_level() < kFastDeployMinApi) {
        printf("Fast Deploy is only compatible with devices of API version %d or higher, "
               "ignoring.\n",
               kFastDeployMinApi);
        use_fastdeploy = false;
    }
    fastdeploy_set_agent_update_strategy(agent_update_strategy);

    std::vector<const char*> passthrough_argv;
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (std::find(processedArgIndices.begin(), processedArgIndices.end(), i) ==
            processedArgIndices.end()) {
            passthrough_argv.push_back(argv[i]);
        }
    }
    if (passthrough_argv.size() < 2) {
        error_exit("install requires an apk argument");
    }

    switch (installMode) {
        case INSTALL_PUSH:
            return install_app_legacy(passthrough_argv.size(), passthrough_argv.data(),
                                      use_fastdeploy);
        case INSTALL_STREAM:
            return install_app_streamed(passthrough_argv.size(), passthrough_argv.data(),
                                        use_fastdeploy);
        case INSTALL_INCREMENTAL:
            return install_app_incremental(passthrough_argv.size(), passthrough_argv.data());
        case INSTALL_DEFAULT:
        default:
            return 1;
    }
}

int install_multiple_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
    // Find all APK arguments starting at end.
    // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
    int first_apk = -1;
    uint64_t total_size = 0;
    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        const char* file = argv[i];
        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apex")) {
            error_exit("APEX packages are not compatible with install-multiple");
        }

        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") ||
            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".dm") ||
            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".fsv_sig")) {
            struct stat sb;
            if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) perror_exit("failed to stat \"%s\"", file);
            total_size += sb.st_size;
            first_apk = i;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (first_apk == -1) error_exit("need APK file on command line");

    std::string install_cmd;
    if (best_install_mode() == INSTALL_PUSH) {
        install_cmd = "exec:pm";
    } else {
        install_cmd = "exec:cmd package";
    }

    std::string cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create -S %" PRIu64,
                                                  install_cmd.c_str(), total_size);
    for (int i = 1; i < first_apk; i++) {
        cmd += " " + escape_arg(argv[i]);
    }

    // Create install session
    std::string error;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    {
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create: %s\n", error.c_str());
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }

    int session_id = -1;
    if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
        char* start = strrchr(buf, '[');
        char* end = strrchr(buf, ']');
        if (start && end) {
            *end = '\0';
            session_id = strtol(start + 1, nullptr, 10);
        }
    }
    if (session_id < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to create session\n");
        fputs(buf, stderr);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    // Valid session, now stream the APKs
    bool success = true;
    for (int i = first_apk; i < argc; i++) {
        const char* file = argv[i];
        struct stat sb;
        if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to stat \"%s\": %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
            success = false;
            goto finalize_session;
        }

        std::string cmd =
                android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-write -S %" PRIu64 " %d %s -",
                                            install_cmd.c_str(), static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size),
                                            session_id, android::base::Basename(file).c_str());

        unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
        if (local_fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open \"%s\": %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
            success = false;
            goto finalize_session;
        }

        std::string error;
        unique_fd remote_fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
        if (remote_fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
            success = false;
            goto finalize_session;
        }

        if (!copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get())) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write \"%s\": %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
            success = false;
            goto finalize_session;
        }

        read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));

        if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write \"%s\"\n", file);
            fputs(buf, stderr);
            success = false;
            goto finalize_session;
        }
    }

finalize_session:
    // Commit session if we streamed everything okay; otherwise abandon.
    std::string service = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-%s %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
                                                      success ? "commit" : "abandon", session_id);
    {
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }
    if (!success) return EXIT_FAILURE;

    if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to finalize session\n");
        fputs(buf, stderr);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    fputs(buf, stdout);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

int install_multi_package(int argc, const char** argv) {
    // Find all APK arguments starting at end.
    // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
    bool apex_found = false;
    int first_package = -1;
    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        const char* file = argv[i];
        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") ||
            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
            first_package = i;
            if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
                apex_found = true;
            }
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (first_package == -1) error_exit("need APK or APEX files on command line");

    if (best_install_mode() == INSTALL_PUSH) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: multi-package install is not supported on this device\n");
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    std::string install_cmd = "exec:cmd package";

    std::string multi_package_cmd =
            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create --multi-package", install_cmd.c_str());
    for (int i = 1; i < first_package; i++) {
        multi_package_cmd += " " + escape_arg(argv[i]);
    }

    if (apex_found) {
        multi_package_cmd += " --staged";
    }

    // Create multi-package install session
    std::string error;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    {
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(multi_package_cmd, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create multi-package: %s\n", error.c_str());
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }

    int parent_session_id = -1;
    if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
        char* start = strrchr(buf, '[');
        char* end = strrchr(buf, ']');
        if (start && end) {
            *end = '\0';
            parent_session_id = strtol(start + 1, nullptr, 10);
        }
    }
    if (parent_session_id < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to create multi-package session\n");
        fputs(buf, stderr);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    fprintf(stdout, "Created parent session ID %d.\n", parent_session_id);

    std::vector<int> session_ids;

    // Valid session, now create the individual sessions and stream the APKs
    int success = EXIT_FAILURE;
    std::string individual_cmd =
            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create", install_cmd.c_str());
    std::string all_session_ids = "";
    for (int i = 1; i < first_package; i++) {
        individual_cmd += " " + escape_arg(argv[i]);
    }
    if (apex_found) {
        individual_cmd += " --staged";
    }
    std::string individual_apex_cmd = individual_cmd + " --apex";
    std::string cmd = "";
    for (int i = first_package; i < argc; i++) {
        const char* file = argv[i];
        char buf[BUFSIZ];
        {
            unique_fd fd;
            // Create individual install session
            if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
                fd.reset(adb_connect(individual_apex_cmd, &error));
            } else {
                fd.reset(adb_connect(individual_cmd, &error));
            }
            if (fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create: %s\n", error.c_str());
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }
            read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
        }

        int session_id = -1;
        if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
            char* start = strrchr(buf, '[');
            char* end = strrchr(buf, ']');
            if (start && end) {
                *end = '\0';
                session_id = strtol(start + 1, nullptr, 10);
            }
        }
        if (session_id < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to create multi-package session\n");
            fputs(buf, stderr);
            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
        }

        fprintf(stdout, "Created child session ID %d.\n", session_id);
        session_ids.push_back(session_id);

        // Support splitAPKs by allowing the notation split1.apk:split2.apk:split3.apk as argument.
        std::vector<std::string> splits = android::base::Split(file, ":");

        for (const std::string& split : splits) {
            struct stat sb;
            if (stat(split.c_str(), &sb) == -1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to stat %s: %s\n", split.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }

            std::string cmd = android::base::StringPrintf(
                    "%s install-write -S %" PRIu64 " %d %d_%s -", install_cmd.c_str(),
                    static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size), session_id, i,
                    android::base::Basename(split).c_str());

            unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(split.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
            if (local_fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open %s: %s\n", split.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }

            std::string error;
            unique_fd remote_fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
            if (remote_fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }

            if (!copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get())) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write %s: %s\n", split.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }

            read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));

            if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write %s\n", split.c_str());
                fputs(buf, stderr);
                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
            }
        }
        all_session_ids += android::base::StringPrintf(" %d", session_id);
    }

    cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-add-session %d%s", install_cmd.c_str(),
                                      parent_session_id, all_session_ids.c_str());
    {
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for install-add-session: %s\n", error.c_str());
            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }

    if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to link sessions (%s)\n", cmd.c_str());
        fputs(buf, stderr);
        goto finalize_multi_package_session;
    }

    // no failures means we can proceed with the assumption of success
    success = 0;

finalize_multi_package_session:
    // Commit session if we streamed everything okay; otherwise abandon
    std::string service =
            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-%s %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
                                        success == 0 ? "commit" : "abandon", parent_session_id);
    {
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }

    if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
        fputs(buf, stdout);
        if (success == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to finalize session\n");
        fputs(buf, stderr);
    }

    session_ids.push_back(parent_session_id);
    // try to abandon all remaining sessions
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < session_ids.size(); i++) {
        service = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-abandon %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
                                              session_ids[i]);
        fprintf(stderr, "Attempting to abandon session ID %d\n", session_ids[i]);
        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
        if (fd < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
            continue;
        }
        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
    }
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

int delete_device_file(const std::string& filename) {
    // http://b/17339227 "Sideloading a Readonly File Results in a Prompt to
    // Delete" caused us to add `-f` here, to avoid the equivalent of the `-i`
    // prompt that you get from BSD rm (used in Android 5) if you have a
    // non-writable file and stdin is a tty (which is true for old versions of
    // adbd).
    //
    // Unfortunately, `rm -f` requires Android 4.3, so that workaround broke
    // earlier Android releases. This was reported as http://b/37704384 "adb
    // install -r passes invalid argument to rm on Android 4.1" and
    // http://b/37035817 "ADB Fails: rm failed for -f, No such file or
    // directory".
    //
    // Testing on a variety of devices and emulators shows that redirecting
    // stdin is sufficient to avoid the pseudo-`-i`, and works on toolbox,
    // BSD, and toybox versions of rm.
    return send_shell_command("rm " + escape_arg(filename) + " </dev/null");
}